Description: Research methodology provides the systematic framework for planning, conducting, and evaluating research studies. It includes the principles, techniques, and tools used to identify research problems, formulate objectives, design experiments, collect data, and analyze results. The foundations of research methodology emphasize scientific reasoning, ethical practices, validity, and reliability to ensure accurate and credible findings. Quantitative, qualitative, and mixed research approaches help address diverse research questions. A strong understanding of research methodology enables researchers to interpret data effectively, draw meaningful conclusions, and contribute new knowledge. It plays a crucial role in academic research, innovation, and evidence-based decision-making across disciplines.